First
European Conference for Information Technology in
Agriculture
ABSTRACTS AND FULL PAPERS
(Ordered alphabetically by first author)
Click 'Full Paper' to download individual papers and
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Decision Support Models for the Design of Animal
Husbandry and Plant Production
Procedures
Ackermann, I. &
R. Schlauderer
Abstract: An agricultural system which conserves natural resources
and operates on an economically sound basis needs decision support on the
management level. Therefore models dealing with the choice and design of
plant and animal production procedures are being developed at the ATB. A
characteristic feature of these models is the simultaneous consideration
of environmental substance flows and economic information. Physical data
aggregated to environmental impact groups, supplemented for important segments
by the estimation of environmental costs, are available as decision-making
parameters in addition to economic
data.
Full Paper
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A Dynamic Modelling of the Reproductive Process
of Zea Mayze
Alexieva, S., I.A.
Stoimenova & A.G.
Mikova
Abstract: The interrelation between the productivity of Zea mayze
and the increasing of it's generative organs during the phenological phase
tasseling - milky ripeness, as far as the dependence of this reletion on
some factors influencing crop growth, provide a basis for a quantity analisis
left to this work. The potential yield of the used hybrid was the only parametric
index from the stock of the growth limiting factors, which take part in the
analysis. As variables we used: duration of the indicated phenological phase;
sum of effective temperatures; precipitation; the increase of maize dry biomass
for this period as far as the content of the amonium and nitrate nitrogen
in the soil. The interrelation between these factors gave us a real possibility
to determine the function of the reproductive growth and to prognosticate
the yield.
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GIS Applications in Agriculture Environmental and
Land Information System
(E.L.I.S.)
Arnoldi, E. &
G. Zampedri
Abstract: Since 1990 the Autonomous Province of Trento has been
equipped with a GIS technology-based Environmental and Land Information System
(E.L.I.S.). This system consists of operating units stationed by the structures
which use territorial data, one of which is at the Agricultural Department.
The poster illustrates the most significant information levels: of more general
interest (country road system, irrigation networks, limits of the land
improvement associations, meteorology, delimitation of disadvantaged areas,
etc.) or of more specific interest (plant disease monitoring, agricultural
land use, surveys and mapping for the technical and administrative controls
of various improvement systems,
etc.).
Full Paper
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Using Extended Machine Learning and Simulation Technics
to Design Crop Management
Strategies
Attonaty, J.-M.,
M.-H. Chatelin, F.
Garcia & S.
Ndiaye
Abstract: An analysis of the different applications of a simulation
tool for winter wheat crop management previously developped has outlined
the difficulties encountered by crop production plan engineers in designing
strategies that diverge from those currently used. We present in this paper
an Exploration Support System we are currently developing that is based on
reinforcement learning and genetic algorithm technics. It defines interesting
strategies in an incremental manner, and appears to be a promising approach
to assist users to explore a wider range of
solutions.
http://www-bia.inra.fr
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Internet Distribution of Full-Text, Structured
Information on the Small Ruminant Dairy Sector: Presentation of CIRVAL's
Information System
Aventurier, P. &
J.-P. Dubeuf
Abstract: Remote and not well-organized, small economic sectors
usually have difficulty collecting and using information. However, this is
a very important factor in dynamic development. Goat and sheep are good examples
of this situation. The International Resource Centre for the Development
of Small Ruminant Dairy Sector Information (CIRVAL) aims at organizing the
co-operative use of available resources and developing a relationship between
operators and organizations. This will create the necessary synergy to
disseminate relevant information in this sector. CIRVAL has undertaken studies
on the potential use of new media technologies, especially the Internet.
Two methods of communication have been developed: A WEB site which introduces
the Centre and current information on the dairy sectors. A Specific System
for distributing structured expert information. It contains original,
downloadable documents and comments prepared by experts. Unfortunately many
organizations interested in the CIRVAL system, especially in Mediterranean
countries, are not yet on-line. For this reason CIRVAL has also developed
a CD-ROM version of that
system.
http://www.cirval.asso.fr
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Multiagent System for Determination of Optimal Hybrid
for Seeding
Badjonski, M. &
M. Ivanovic
Abstract: Man expert determines suitable hybrid for seeding in four
steps. General ES prototype is built in the same method, using agent-oriented
approach. The knowledge base consists of several agents. Agents communicate
using their language and update their internal beliefs, until solution is
reached. General prototype is being used for creation ES prototype for
determination of optimal maize hybrid for
seeding.
Full Paper
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A Hypermedia Digital Library for the Education and
Extension Training of Greek
Beekeepers
Batzios, C., M.
Salampasis, V.D. Liakos,
J. Tait & S.
Androulidakis
Abstract: In this paper a hypermedia digital library is presented
which has been designed and developed to meet the educational needs of Greek
beekeepers. These needs are not fulfilled by the current extension services.
This lack has identified as one potential reason for the low productivity
of the industry in Greece. Five distributed hyperbases have been produced
covering the main areas on which beekeepers expressed interest. A web authoring
tool called HyperTree has been used to help the collaborative authors of
the library to effectively structure and interconnect the information provided,
and to preserve a common interface design thereby making the library more
usable.
http://beekeeping.vet.auth.gr/home.htm
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DAMOCIA-SIM, a Generic Tool for Radiation Simulation
into Mild Winter Region
Greenhouses
Bienvenido, J.F., L.
Iribarne, R. Guirado,
A. Becerra, F.
Rodriguez, R. Ayala &
A. Corral
Abstract: In order to simulate specific greenhouse structures in
a general way, DAMOCIA-SIM uses greenhouse definitions and experiment
definitions. It incorporates modern IT techniques and tools, with
discrete-elements techniques. The simulation process is divided into independent
phases, with alternative processes. The different transformations are executed
by connective independent modules. Processes are managed by a special Handler.
The tool features an overall multiagent architecture. Mathematical models
include external-internal radiation, plastic response, shading and canopy
effect. The tool generates radiation maps in the specified greenhouses, used
to evaluate several passive
structures.
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The Use of Expert Systems for Pig Farms
Advisory
Bourgeat, E. &
O. Lapierre
Abstract: Eliscope and Swinytec' are two expert systems applied
to pig farm diagnosis. They are supporting the advisors in their activity.
We discuss different topics dealing with their use. The conditions of their
adaptation to the practical conditions of the advisory activity are studied.
After that, we show that these expert systems modify the way advisors are
managing their relationship with the farmers and improve the communication
between them. We then concentrate on the competence and motivation of the
advisors to use the expert
systems.
http://www.inapg.inra.fr/dsa/cereopa/expert.htm
Full Paper
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SortInfo: An Information and Decision Support System
for Variety
Selection
Bøjer, O.Q.,
N.S. Murali, B.J.M.
Secher & B.D.
Boesen
Abstract: Selection of a suitable variety is an important step in
the farm planning process but the availability of a large number of varieties
makes the selection of variety for a given field difficult. Increased demands
and legislation on the reduced use of chemical input make the selection even
harder. Furthermore, information on varieties is constantly being updated.
At DIPS, a project has been initiated in co-operation with the Danish
Agricultural Advisory Centre to develop an information and decision support
system for selection of varieties. The prototype, developed for Windows 95
using Borland's Delphi and Microsoft Access DBMS, is currently under user
test. The final goal is to implement the system on the WWW. In this paper
the data flow, system design and database model as well as the user interface
in relation to the project goals and requirements is described. The short
and long term dissemination strategy and the selection of appropriate IT
is also discussed.
Full Paper
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Precise Computerised Information Technology for
Crop Irrigation Scheduling and
Fertilising
Christov,
I.D.
Abstract: Complex scientific basis and software of Information
Technology for Crop Irrigation Scheduling and Fertilising are developed and
tested on a large scale. New method for soil-crop water status estimating
as a whole for the growing season is used. Integrated index L of soil moisture
energy levels and crop-stage water susceptibility towards productivity are
introduced. Using the Technology, a level L in fields can be created by
implementing a specified irrigation schedule obtained in chronological sequence
during the season. Equations to calculate the N, P, K-fertilising rates,
corresponding to every soil-crop water status created, are developed.
Dependencies of crop yield amount and quality on index L are experimentally
found out. The Technology application leads to: improved water-fertilisers
use efficiency at no current sampling, multi-variant management, and provides
new opportunities for both the investigators and the farmers. For sale and
putting into practice, please, contact the author, fax: (++3592)
248-937.
Full Paper
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Characterizing and Simulating a Rotational Grazing
Strategy
Cros, M.-J., M.
Duru, F. Garcia &
R.
Martin-Clouaire
Abstract: The management of dairy production systems based on
rota-tional grazing and maize-concentrate feeding requires a complex looka-head
decision making procedure to elaborate a seasonal strategy that is sufficiently
robust to uncertainty. In this paper, the problem is charac-terized rather
precisely as finding for the late winter to early summer period an appropriate
combination of commitments concerning the fields allocated to grazing, those
kept just in case of need, the time profile of maize-concentrate distribution,
the nitrogen fertilization policy and the field rotation policy. A simulation
tool designed to evaluate tentative man-made strategies under given climate
scenarios is described.
Full Paper
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Using Java to Implement Agents in Artificial
Ecosystems
de Souza, K.X.S. &
M.A.
Nascimento
Abstract: An Artificial Ecosystem is a self-contained environment
populated by independent entities representing some level of organization.
Agents implement levels of abstraction representing entities in a system.
Agents can also explore parallelism and cooperative work. artificial ecosystems
can thus be implemented using agents, where a global pattern is not coded
in the agents specifications, but is a result of their interactions. The
Java language provides parallel threads of control and runs in a number of
very distinct hardware architectures. As such, in this paper we illustrate
the suitability of Java to implement artificial ecosystems using the artificial
ecosystems
paradigm.
http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/~kleber/AE
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Towards Co-Operative Use of Data from Crop Variety
Trials
Dekkers, W.A. &
G. Waksman
Abstract: In a European research project, ADDA, the feasibility
of exchange and mutual use of data from trials of crop varieties has been
studied as an example of data exchange. Data dictionaries have been compared
and numerous small differences were shown. These differences prevent the
exchange and common interpretation of data. To facilitate the interchangeability
of data two lines of development have been followed: -a theoretical one the
ADDA data dictionary; - a technical one the data exchange format SFD. Jointly
these approaches enable data transfer between Member States of the agricultural
scientific and technical data required by the Commission to meet single market
needs and regulations e.g. in the field of variety testing. This paper focuses
on the development of the data
dictionaries.
Full Paper
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Information and Decision in Agriculture: How Relevance
in Management Diagnosis is Improved by an Expert
System
Del'Homme,
B.
Abstract: This paper describes the experiment of modelizing and
computerizing the management diagnosis of a farm carried out by 9 advisory
centers with the Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs en Techniques Agricoles
de Bordeaux. The tool chosen for computerizing the reasoning process was
an expert system based on production rules, on a micro-computer. The authors
first describe the aims of the expert system and the methodology used. Then,
they draw the following conclusions. Fine-tuning the expert system to bring
it up to a professional level requires a specific method of work and a homogenous
information system. Moreover, the quality of diagnosis depends on the one
hand on the transcription of human reasoning and on the other hand on information
used to evaluate references, that is to say standard references and normative
references. The authors define these two terms before showing that the relevance
of the diagnosis depends on these references. Finally, they try to show that
it is possible to improve the definition of a reference as well as the way
of using it in order to provide the farmer with a more evolved Information
System.
Full Paper
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Tools for Explanation in Bayesian Networks with
Application to an Agricultural
Problem
Dittmer, S.L. &
F. V. Jensen
Abstract: We give an overview of a minimal set of tools for explanation
in decision problems formulated as Bayesian networks. After an introduction
to the Bayesian network paradigm we introduce sensitivity analysis and data
conflict analysis as applied to Bayesian networks. Finally, we apply these
tools to BOBLO, a large Bayesian network for determining the blood group
of Jersey
cattle.
http://www.lr.dk/dina.papers/tools.htm
Full Paper
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University Level Education in Information Technology
for Animal Production
Drobnic, M., M.
Kovac, A. Salehar,
J. van Milgen, D.
Kompan & S.
Malovrh
Abstract: Two university level courses and permanent education on
information technology in animal production are described. »Computer
tools in animal production« is a 75 hour advanced course teaching about
information technology (IT) in animal production. It gives the students an
insight into a variety of software tools that can be utilized in the field
of animal production. Topics include databases and farm management applications,
the Internet and WWW, and simulation modelling. The course »Swine
science« makes extensive use of IT in the educational process. Permanent
education seminars for extension service personnel, farm management personnel,
and secondary school teachers are
presented.
http://agri.bfro.uni-lj.si
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EPROS, a System to Store, Retrieve and Analyse Data
of Field Trials
Duijnhouwer, R. &
W.A. Dekkers
Abstract: A system has been developed by PAV to guide the retrieval,
storage and analysis of data of field experiments. Use is made of a relational
database to store experimental design, experimental conditions, description
of variables and data. This database contains also derived variables and
the way to calcu-late them. The interface between the database and a statistical
package enables a statistical analysis of the data. Special attention is
paid to the genera-tion of reports. This makes the package very suited to
store, process and report variety trials. Results of the project were used
in the ADDA project.
Full Paper
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ADAS
Intranet
Fairbank,
P.M.
Abstract: This paper addresses the user requirements of a corporate
information system. It focuses on the design criteria of the system and the
steps taken to design and build a Corporate Intranet. A review of the potential
benefits of the Intranet is included.
Full Paper
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Cost-Benefit Analysis on GIS Applications for
Agricutural Local Extension
Services
Fais, A. & G.
Bonati
Abstract: This work has the main objective to determine the economical
and technical convenience of GIS applications in agriculture with a bottom-up
approach. It is also a contribution to defining the expected benefits to
take into account in GIS applications on local scale in extension
services.
http://www.inea.it/cartografia/page.html
Full Paper
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Integrating Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence:
An Application for Total Quality Management in Dairy
Companies
Fonseca Filho, A.A.,
A.B. da Silva &
J.B.P. Chaves
Abstract: In order to assist managers in implementing total quality
management (TQM) programs in dairy companies, an integrated system has been
developed. Divided in three modules, it combines the technologies of multimedia
and artificial intelligence to provide support in the form of hypertext
tutorials, dynamic information retrieval and expert diagnosis. The first
module presents tutorials on TQM concepts and implementation processes. The
second supports the identification of control items for a variety of dairy
product processing lines and assists managers in the diagnosis of cleaning
and sanitation problems, also referring to the applicable legislation, when
warranted. A third module still under development analyses current quality
control practices followed by users. Preliminary evaluations with dairy company
managers suggest a strong potential for such systems in increasing TQM awareness
and adoption in the sector.
Full Paper
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The Reference System of the German Agricultural
Information Network (DaiNet) as a Central Element of a Modern Information
System
Friedrich, H. &
J.M. Pohlmann
Abstract: The German Agricultural Information Network (DAINet) is
the world´s largest reference system in the agricultural area on the
Internet. DAINet was established to catalogue and to describe worldwide existing
agriculture information and to make them available to users. This lecture
illustrates the organization of DAINet and the redundant developmental structure
of the system. It also explains the organizational requirements for ZADI
in developing DAINet. Beyond that, the article reports about the current
focal points of development which guarantee a permanent operation on a long
term basis by using modern database
technology.
http://www.dainet.de/zadi
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Support by Management Systems for Health Care on
Pig Farms
Fuchs, H. & E.
Kleinreesink
Abstract: To improve health care on pig farms, two extra modules
for the current management systems have been developed. The health care module
offers the pig farmer a continuous insight in the health care situation on
his farm by key figures. An important characteristic of the health care module
is that much information can be gained by relative little registration. The
EDI-I&R module supports the pig farmer on his obligations to report animal
transfers to the national system for Identification & Registration
(I&R). A standardized electronic message can be created and send to the
central
I&R-computer.
http://www.atc.nl/atc.htm
Full Paper
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The Use of Computer for the Analysis of Input Demand
in Farm Management: A Multicriteria Approach to the Diet
Problem.
Gallenti,
G.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the feeding pigs problem
using an operations research model with several conflicting criteria, economic
and nutritional. The theoretical approach consists in adapting to producer
decisions the modern consumer demand theory, the characteristics approach
of Lancaster, which is essentially a multicriteria decision process. In this
context the multicriteria decision methods, using a common PC program (Excel),
became an operationally simple tool to solve feed formulation problems. The
demand of nutrients (protein, fats, crude fibre, etc) to produce an agri-food
product of high quality represents a case of study of this
research.
Full Paper
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Comparing Neural Networks and Multivariate Discriminant
Analysis in the Selection of New Crop
Varieties
Garcia de Ceca, J.L. &
J. Moro
Abstract: To explore new ways to help the process of selection of
new crop varieties, neural networks (NN) and multivariate discriminant analysis
(MDA) have been applied with the hope of making the variety selection easier
and faster. It can be said that, for our case study, whilst Quadratic MDA
has reported results that may be considered of interest, NN has worked better
than MDA, mimicking quite acceptably the decision process of the human committee,
so that NN could be considered as a support tool in the process of selection
of new varieties.
Full Paper
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ICT Adoption in Agriculture - An Agricultural
Software-Review
Perspective
Gelb, E., G.
Bonati, J.L. Carel,
J.J. Claustriaux, P.
Jurgens, S. Lehnert,
P. Pasher, J.A.L.M.
Kamp, A.M. Mourao,
V. Wahl, J. Nicol,
J.A. Nunez Butragueno,
F. Costa, G.
Spoiden & M.
Raschas
Abstract: Commercially available software is a practical indicator
of the content and level of ICT adoption. A workgroup from eight countries
- currently the Eunita WG B has, since 1990, been reviewing agricultural
software - the results were published in FARMSOFT '91 and FARMSOFT '94. During
this period agricultural software matured into an ICT dominated market-pull
situation characterized by EDI, knowledge based networking and dedicated
ICT production systems. During this process marked differences were found
in software attributes, identified end-user needs and applications. ICT adoption
in the agricultural sector itself is proving to be a non structured process
- currently integrating Remote Sensing, GIS, Knowledge Systems, Robotics,
Process Control and Information Dissemination - within each country's IT
policies and CAP regulations. We expect these trends and the increase in
installations to continue.
Full Paper
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Use of GOSSYM - A Cotton Growth Simulation Model
- To Manage a Low Input Cotton Production System in
Greece
Gertsis, A.C., S.
Galanopoulou-Sendouca, G. Papathanasiou
& A.
Symeonakis
Abstract: A project funded by the European Union, was undertaken
in Greece and Spain, to validate and apply GOSSYM - a cotton crop simulation
model, for optimising cotton production under the local soil, climatic and
cultural conditions. GOSSYM was developed in the USA and is used for research
and farm applications. A comprehensive database for model validation and
verification was collected in field experiments during three growing seasons
in Greece and consisted of weather, soil and crop growth data required for
model validation. A realistic approach to achieve a more efficient cotton
management system with low inputs was
provided.
Full Paper
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A Biometrical Decision Support System for Estimating
Risk Assessments on Releasing Genetically Modified
Organisms
Gliddon, C.J.,
D.A.M.K. Rasch, K.
Schmidt, G.A.M. Schütte,
A.B. Sideridis &
C.P. Yialouris
Abstract: In this paper the architecture of a DSS, for the estimation
of risk assessment of release of genetically modified organisms in the
environment, is described. Details of the modules of the system and the
methodology to be applied, for its efficient use in designing experiments
and providing the appropriate information to decision makers and researchers,
are also given. Sensitive legal issues and ways of liaising this system with
national and international Organisations interested in minimising such risks
are also discussed.
Full Paper
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Communication System Barley-Malt-Beer
Chain
Graumans,
C.A.M.
Abstract: An approach for improving the performance of an agricultural
production chain is presented. Communication within the barley-malt-beer
chain is analyzed from four different angles: feed backwards, feed forwards,
product integrity/safety and financial transactions and settlements. For
each of these views specific administrative procedures and information flows
are defined. Information flows are then translated into one or more information-
carriers (standard forms, EDI-messages). A Tillage Information System (TIS)
is implemented to support information exchange between farmers and collectors
and to process and analyze tillage data. Management information systems for
arable farming and a mailbox system are used tot collect and exchange relevant
data.
Full Paper
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Computer-Aided Generation of Risk Functions for
Agricultural Modelling and
Decision
Hahn, S.
Abstract: For including uncertainty in agricultural models, described
as risk in form of a likelihood function, it is necessary to quantify risk
functions for uncertain inputs and also to generate composed risk coefficients
(e.g.. gross margin of winterwheat calculated by help of single risk functions
for yield, price and variable costs).The paper shows how different risk tools
can help create convenient risk functions by using both empirical data based
on the past (a-posteriori) and parameters subjectively set by experts (a-priori).
Applying 'risk analysis and simulation add-in Microsoft EXCEL', the generation
of input and output risk functions including correlations is also demonstrated.
A short conclusion is given for using the generated risk functions as inputs
in LP models.
Full Paper
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Computer Based Information and Report System for
the Support of Agricultural Extension - Presentation of a
Prototype
Hautzer, H.-J., R.
Helbig & G.W.
Schiefer
Abstract: The number, complexity and rapid change of information
in agricultural extension require the development of a computer based information
and report system to support agricultural extension. Difficulties in the
design of such an information system are based on the complex structure of
information requirement, information support and also on the selection of
a usable development method. This abstract describes the development process
of a modular system, which should support extension tasks regarding Agricultural
Promotion Programs as an exemplary field of extension. This system should
be integrated into a global concept for a computer based information extension
system.
Full Paper
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A Modelling Framework for Grazing Livestock
Farms
Hutchings,
N.
Abstract: Grazing livestock farms throughout Europe share a number
of common biological and physical features. A working group within EUNITA
has developed conceptual models to describe these features and to suggest
the detail with which they might need to be simulated. The aim is to provide
a common conceptual framework and to promote reuse of information. The
application of the framework is illustrated with worked examples of two
contrasting
systems.
http://www.eclipse.it/EUNITA/WorkingGroups/wgH/
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Quality Data Services on the Agronet Information
Network
Haavisto, P. &
S. Piekkari
Abstract: The Agronet is an information network of Finnish agriculture
and the food sector, providing also scientific and research information.
The Agricultural Research Centre of Finland (MTT) introduces its research
information by means of the Agronet with MAATTI databases. The content of
MAATTI is updated straight form the internal management and profit system
of the MTT. The research information of the MTT are searched by a user query
from the MAATTI system. The answer page is created only for this individual
query and it is not stored. The answer page may have links or search forms
also to other databases. This procedure makes feasible the offering of a
completely dynamic WWW page entity. This system offers excellent data security
because the user never processes the production system
himself.
http://http://www.mtt.fi/yleis/database.html
Full Paper
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Computer Support of Cereal Protection Technology
Using Fungicide ALTO 400 S.C. in
Russia
Ibragimov, T.Z.,
S.S. Sanin & D.
Shelemekh
Abstract: The develop computer system decision support in cereal
crop (wheat, rye, barley) protection against disease using fungicide ALTO
400 s.c. It consist next blocks: Fungicide ALTO 400 s.c., System of Cereal
Protection, Technology of Spraying, Methods of Diagnosis and Evaluation,
Training. The system makes best decision using following information: level
of infection, phenological stage, weather conditions, presence or absence
of factors intensifying development of the disease, variety susceptibility
to diseases, expected yield, expected purchase price for grain, the fungicide
price, costs of treatment and harvest.
Full Paper
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Acceptation of an Electronic Demand and Supply (EDS)
System in the Dutch Flower Supply
Chain
Jahae, I.A.M.A. &
M.A.F. Dierckx
Abstract: Considerable changes in Information Technology (IT) affect
activities and organization of enterprises in agriculture. This contribution
provides a summary of crucial factors of introducing an electronic demand
and supply system (EDS) in the Dutch flower supply chain. Three scenarios
were created and discussed in interviews with several participants of the
supply chain. An overview is given of relevant aspects related to IT and
electronic markets, the perception of potential users of EDS and possible
changes in market structure.
Full Paper
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Bayesian Networks and Influence
Diagrams
Jensen, F.
V.
Abstract: Bayesian networks are graphical probabilistic models
consisting of variables and cause-effect relations between them. Bayesian
networks are defined and a couple of agricultural examples are given. It
is illustrated how Bayeian networks are used for various tasks like calculating
updated probabilities for variables given evidens, calculating probabilities
for specific configurations of variables, calculating configurations of maximal
probability and analysis for conflicting evidens. Influence diagrams are
Bayesian networks augmented with special variables for actions. They are
used for calculating optimal strategies for sequences of actions. It is finally
shown how the problem of deciding between various information sources can
be solved in situations with only one set of action
options.
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Calibration of a Monte Carlo Simulation Model of
Disease Spread in Slaughter Pig
Units
Jørgensen,
E.
Abstract: The use of new resampling methods to improve the handling
of stochastic simulation models is demonstrated. A Monte Carlo simulation
model of disease spread within a slaughter pig herd is used as example. The
model parameters reflect the disease spread and comprise, for example infection
risk given diseases, and the positioning of the animals. The setting of the
prior distribution of the parameters using expert knowledge is complicated,
because the expert knowledge is generally based on the resulting dynamics
rather than the underlying parameters. The paper shows how the prior distribution
of model parameters can be made consistent with the knowledge concerning
model output, using methods such as importance sampling and Markov Chain
Monte Carlo techniques. Based on these methods, different management strategies
are compared.
http://www.sp.dk/~
ej/efita.zip
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Computer Aided Environmental Control to Support
Environmental-Management-Systems in Agricultural and Food-industrial
Production-Chains
Kesseler, T. &
G.W. Schiefer
Abstract: The vertical integration of agricultural- and food-industrial
process-chains gains importance because of consumer-demand for high quality
and non-polluting produced food is increasing. Chain-encompassing
process-organizations can contribute to an optimization of the quality
characteristics of the products. In this paper a concept of an
environmental-management-system in an agricultural- and food-industrial
process-chain is developed and presented. The paper concentrates on the design
of an opera-tional environmental-information-system (OEIS) and discusses
the possibilities of inte-grating the OEIS into an all inclusive computer
aided information-system.
Full Paper
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Information Technologies Used in Extension Services
of Some Central and Eastern European Countries, and
USA
Kleps, C. & C.W.
Absher
Abstract: Governments have traditionally taken the dominant role
in the provision of agricultural extension services because of the important
contribution the agricultural extension sector makes to agricultural development.
However, escalating fiscal deficits in many developing countries and, in
several cases, problems of poor governance of public programs over the last
decade have increasingly redirected attention towards how to make extension
more cost effective and responsive to specific farmer needs. To a large extent,
this is spurred by the strong global trend towards market liberalization
and reinforced by the transition from planned to market economies occurring
in Eastern European countries and the newly independent states of the former
Soviet Union, which has also sharpened the focus on the appropriate roles
of the public and private sectors in the
economy.
Full Paper
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Management Means of Technological Processes for
Dairy Cattle Farms
Kosa, J.
Abstract: For an effective milk production in dairy farms needed
is a daily collection and processing of information on a continuously changing
technological process in dairy farms. For the tied-up housing dairy farms,
effected have been researches on complex technological solutions, including:
a rational technological planning; an automatic feed dispensing management
system; computer-based farm management system. As a basic conception for
technological processes management system accepted are mathematical models
of lactation curves for cows with a yield within one lactation from 3 up
to 8 thousand kg, what being stored in the PC
memory.
Full Paper
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A Decision Support System for Mechanical Weed Control
in Malting Barley
Kristensen, K. &
I.A. Rasmussen
Abstract: An overview of a decision support system for growing malting
barley without use of pesticides is given. One module in this system is the
decision support system for mechanical weed control in malting barley. The
system is constructed as a Bayesian network. The Bayesian network is used
because it gives the possibility to include information on uncertainty in
an easily understandable form. The module for weed control describes the
relative reduction on the yield and the dry weight of weeds remaining in
the field under a variety of conditions. The most important conditions included
in the model are the amount of weeds in the spring, different methods of
mechanical weed control, the row distance and the application method of
nitrogen.
Full Paper
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Slaughter Pig Marketing Management: Utilization
of Highly Biased Herd-Specific
Data
Kure, H.
Abstract: Data from most slaughter pig operations will normally
be highly biased due to selection (censoring) of individual pigs prior to
the termination of the individual batch. An animal growth model based on
multi variate normal distributions is introduced and used as representation
of the state of the herd. Methods for reducing the bias and for updating
the Belief in the state of the herd are presented. The methods are based
on the EM-algorithm and other methods for bias reduction and on the Kalman
filter for belief updating. Models are tested based on simulated
data.
Full Paper
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LandMark
Lay, J.K.
Abstract: Landmark software has been designed by farmers for farmers.
It has a simple to use interface overlying sophisticated technology and tried
and proven applied farm management
principals.
http://www.lm.co.nz
Full Paper
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Environmental Best Practice Advisory System for
Agriculture
Lewis, K.A., J.
Tzilivakis & K.S.
Bardon
Abstract: A computerised informal environmental management system
for agriculture is currently being piloted and tested. Based upon the principles
of anticipation and prevention the system aims to encourage sound environmental
management to ensure that detrimental environmental effects are minimised.
The software uses a unique numerical index to assess current performance
by comparing actual practices with site specific 'ideal' practices for a
wide variety of farm activities. In support of the assessment routines, the
system utilises a hypertext information system. Further support is available
via a variety of modules allowing exploration of 'what-if?' scenarios to
identify cost-effective means of improving
performance.
Full Paper
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The Value of Information in Pig Fattening
Enterprises
Lokhorst, C. &
G.D.H.
Claassen
Abstract: In order to determine the value of information on sex,
weight and growth characteristics of fattening pigs that must be divided
over different pens in a compartment of a pig fattening house the TMV simulation
model and the MOM optimization model are used to calculate the technical
and economical results of five different scenarios. The scenarios differ
both in the way information on sex and weight (mean, distribution) at the
start of the fattening period is used, as well as on the actions that are
performed by the pig farmer. Compared to a practical situation some 8 %
improvement in net returns might be expected when the available information
will be used. If the information is combined with specific actions an improvement
of even 13 to 16 % should be theoretically
possible.
Full Paper
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SIAM, an Information Service for Maize Growers
to Help Choice of Hybrids and Follow-up of their
Development
Lorgeou, J. & G.
Waksman
Abstract: SIAM (acronym for Système d'Information
Agro-Météorologique) is a data base which gathers information
available about hybrids commercialised in France, including their growth
models, together with relevant weather data. The data base is described,
and the use of growth models is presented. The use of SIAM data by advisors
and maize growers is facilitated thanks to its MINITEL interface, MINITEL
being a small terminal distributed by the French national telecommunication
operator.
Full Paper
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An Application for Early Detection of Growth Rate
Changes in the Slaughter Pig Production
Unit
Madsen, T.N. &
V. Ruby
Abstract: This contribution describes a new method for monitoring
productivity in the slaughter pig production unit. The method is implemented
as a stand-alone application, based on data from an existing farm management
system. With the new method the amount of information increases from quarterly
to weekly estimates of daily gain. By calculating average daily gain each
time a group of slaughter pigs is delivered to the slaughterhouse, a time
series is made. Among other features, the application allows the user to
monitor the time series graphically. Monitoring data from various herds have
shown some fluctuation in the series, therefore the user may choose to smoothen
the graph by means of a Kalman filter
technique.
Full Paper
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Econometrics or Neural Networks? - A Case Study
of Marketing Margins in the Meat Industry in the
UK
Mainland,
D.D.
Abstract: In the UK there is a widening gap between farm-gate and
retail prices for red meat and pork products. This study attempts to discover
the reasons behind the increase by analysing the determinants that are
responsible for the increasing margins. Monthly data which starts from January
1982 and terminates at March 1996 is used, beyond this period the data is
seriously distorted by the BSE scare. The predictive ability of econometric
and neural network models are compared. Although the results from econometrics
were overall better it is argued that a combination of the two methods would
be the ideal.
Full Paper
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EMISP : An Expert Management Information System
for Pigs
Maliappis, M.T.,
C.P. Yialouris, S.G.
Deligeorigis & A.B.
Sideridis
Abstract: In this paper we present the architecture of an integrated
management and decision support system which contains expert components dedicated
to carry out specific tasks of the daily management in a pig breeding farm.
Although these components form a mosaic of various task performing tools,
their tight coupling and interaction enables the system to pre-estimate and
evaluate the overall farm performance. The system actually tries to optimize
the management of the farm, exploiting the numerous information items kept
in its databases and interrelating these data with the user's selection of
choices provided.
Full Paper
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The World Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT)
- FAO's Information
Gateway
Mangstl, A., J.R.
Judy & F.L.H.
Ward
Abstract: FAO is faced with increasing demands to prepare, manage
and disseminate the information that it produces to the widest possible
audiences, in the most efficient manner, utilising the latest in technologies,
and at less cost. The WAICENT system was created at FAO to bring together
and refocus the multiple information related activities, databases and publishing
activities of this large multidisciplinary, international institution. This
paper describes the single, specific components which make up the World
Agricultural Information Centre (WAICENT) at the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO). WAICENT comprises three principal
components which are interactive and complementary: FAOSTAT, for the storage
and dissemination of statistical information, FAOINFO, which covers hypermedia
information, and FAOSIS which covers very specialised information systems.
WAICENT has brought a new strategic information approach to the Organization
related to paper versus electronic distribution and dissemination versus
central storage. Particular emphasis is given in this paper to the public
information initiatives under WAICENT; the specialised information services
provided by the various departments of FAO and delivered through WAICENT;
and the full-text document storage and retrieval system, which will facilitate
and streamline the preparation of textual material for the World Wide
Web.
http://www.fao.org
Full Paper
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Modelling the Relations in the System Soil - Plant
with Petri Net
Marinova-Garvanska, S. &
S.M. Marinov
Abstract: In many areas the study of the processes and the phenomenon
is made not direct but indirect using models. Model - this is representation
with mathematical terms of that characteristics which are most importante
for the studied object or system. Independent from the existing of several
kind of systems to be modelled can be find some common characteristics, which
must be described in the used model. The Net immitation models can be used
by solving of several kind of problems connected with the relations in the
system soil-plant. The Petri Nets are the most used formal system, which
give us the possibility to describe the structure and the correlation between
the parallel and the concurent processes. The aim of that article is to describe
models of some parts from the relations in the systems soil - plant. Manipulating
with the model we can have new knowledges for the problems in the system
soil - plant without lot of money. The designed computer models allow us
to receive in details information of the parameters of the studied
system.
Full Paper
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FMS: A Software Development Environment for Farm
Management
Systems
Massruhá, S.M.F.S.,
C.A.A. Meira, C.R.
Costa & R.
Fileto
Abstract: This paper describes a software development environment
called FMS. This environment aims to generate farm management applications
through a semi-automatic process with decreasing cost as time evolves, providing
domain experts with tools for rapid and reliable information gathering about
their production process. It is also related the current situation of FMS,
as well as the experience acquired with this development and its evolution,
attempting to be in pace with the current technological
evolution.
http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/fms.html
Full Paper
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Network and Information Technology Related Development
at Gödöllo University of Agricultural Sciences,
Hungary
Milankovics, K., J.
Seres & L.
Podmaniczky
Abstract: During the last few years computer networks gained a very
important role in Hungary. A significant emphasis was, and still is, put
on network development all around the country. At the same time Internet
applications are used in more and more areas of Agriculture, especially in
Agricultural Education and Extension Services. It has been ten years since
the first network development began at Gödöllõ University
of Agricultural Sciences. Nowadays, large number of teachers, researchers
and students use Internet for their work. Several projects have been started
aiming to generate more efficient education, research and
extension.
Full Paper
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Possibilities and Limitations for the Usage of Dynamic
Agroecosystem Models within Decision Support Systems on Farm
Level
Mirschel, W., A.
Schultz, K.-O. Wenkel,
R. Delécolle &
T. Jadczyszyn
Abstract: Dynamic agroecosystem models can be used both for supporting
operative desicions finding in order to realize agrotechnical measures in
plant production and for evaluating the medium- and long-term consequences
of possible changes in land use and climate. In this paper the AGROSIM named
family of agroecosystem models suitable for answering both questions is briefly
represented. The general possibilities to use agroecosystem models for studying
the consequences of different agrotechnical measures (N-fertilization,
irrigation, pest control) as well as for model integration into farm-level
desicion support systems are studied and discussed exemplarily for the winter
wheat component model. Finally the possibilities, problems and limitations
of agroecosystem model transfer to different European locations (France,
Netherlands, Poland, Germany) are investigated and discussed on the basis
of model adaptation
calculations.
http://www.zalf.de
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Implementing Pest and Disease Risk Indices Using
a Relational Database
Murali, N.S. &
B.J.M. Secher
Abstract: At the Danish Institute of Plant and Soil Science, models
for estimating the risks of development of cereal pests and diseases have
been developed and field tested. Models are based on the weather data collected
from field weather stations. A MicroSoft Windows 95 program has been developed
using Borland's Delphi RAD and Paradox DBMS to implement the models for use
by agricultural advisors and farmers. Model procedures and parameters are
accessible through the database and thus facilitate easy modification of
parameter values and addition of pests and
diseases.
Full Paper
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Conception of an Executive Information System that
Provides External Information for the German
Dairy
Müller, H., R.
Helbig & G.W.
Schiefer
Abstract: This paper describes the conception of an Executive
Information System (EIS) that provides external information for a middle
class structured branch. The system is divided into three parts: one for
quantitative (hard) information, one for qualitative (soft) information,
which is based on the ideas of environmental scanning, and one that supports
strategic decision making. The branch used exemplary will be the German
dairy.
Full Paper
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Modelling Estonian Private Farms in Restoration
Stage
Möller, H. &
M. Asi
Abstract: The present article is a summary of the research work
carried out at Institute of Agricultural Engineering EAU about private farms
production modelling. The objective of the work to compose the methods, computer
programmes and required data bases compiling for private farms in re-establishing
stage of Estonia.
Full Paper
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Log Gaussian Cox Processes: A Statistical Model
for Analyzing Stand Structural Heterogeneity in
Forestry
Møller, J.,
A.R. Syversveen &
R.P.
Waagepetersen
Abstract: The appealing properties of planar Cox processes directed
by a log Gaussian intensity process have recently been investigated in a
longer joint paper by the authors. The purpose of this contribution is to
llustrate this by an example of application in
forestry.
Full Paper
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Systematic Operation Programmes for the Improvement
of Mink Management Distributed on the
WWW
Møller,
S.H.
Abstract: A Systematic Operation Programme (SOP) systematises the
management in a production period by describing all relevant management routines
as a set of periods in which observed situations release actions. Mink production
is characterised by annual cycles of highly different production periods
with regard to length, management and labour intensity. Consequently, experience
is gained slowly and stepwise. To meet the needs for transfer of knowledge,
SOPs for the short labour intensive mating and nursing periods have been
developed and tested on commercial farms. In order to distribute the SOPs
effectively in terms of availability, updating, tailoring and cost, they
have been published on the
WWW.
http://www.sh.dk/~shm/sopintro.htm
Full Paper
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Databases at the Heart of Web-based Document
Repositories
Nielsen,
H.K.
Abstract: Today, most tools for web-based information systems focus
on the creation and delivery of content and, unfortunately, not very much
on management aspects. Consequently, the creation of html-documents and serving
documents to users worldwide have evolved into simple routines whereas managing
a huge number of documents and document links is a non- trivial task. This
paper will introduce databases as a valuable tool for managing content. By
registering in a database objects like documents, applets, database records
and scripts as well as their interrelations, the possibility of efficient
content management is greatly improved. As a result, object management, link
management and document versioning are essentially straightforward database
operations.
http://www.lr.dk/
Full Paper
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Farm Decision Information Costs and Returns
Revisited
Nuthall,
P.L.
Abstract: With the explosion of computer technology there has been
a major effort put into farm management decision aid research and development.
Too much of this work has ignored the basic costs and returns of the information
provided. The farmer will determine which systems are useful to their decision
making as shown by the software and systems used. A review of farmers' views
on the economics of farm computers, particularly in New Zealand, is provided.
Reference is also made to studies in other countries. As information provision
is closely related to computer technology, farm computer adoption rates are
reviewed. This is an important test of the value of information. Farmers'
conclusions on the data and information to collect must be a very personal
decision that will be different for each
case.
Full Paper
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The Rural Business Network in the
UK
Offer, A.L.
Abstract: The Rural Business Network is a joint venture between
ADAS, the National Farmer's Union (NFU) and the Country Landowner's Association
(CLA). The aim is to provide a communication and information network for
all Rural industries and interests in the UK and beyond. This paper will
describe the development of this network from conception to press launch
in December 1996. The further development and expansion of the system up
to June 1997 will also be
covered.
http://www.adas.co.uk
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The ADAS Business Recording System
(ABRS)
Offer, A.L.
Abstract: It has long been recognised in the UK and elsewhere that
the greatest barrier to successful farm business extension work is the poor
quality of most farm derived performance data. This paper will describe the
development of a simple computer system designed to collect good quality
financial performance data about a farm business and to present it in a format
suitable for extension workers to
use.
http://www.adas.co.uk
Full Paper
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IT implications of Teleworking for Extension
Workers
Offer, A.L. &
C.I. Houseman
Abstract: ADAS has undergone an extensive programme of re-organisation
over the last two years, to enable it to meet increasingly stringent cost
recovery targets. Over 400 staff are now field based. Significant savings
have been achieved and most staff find the flexibility attractive. This paper
considers the technical and organisational issues involved in teleworking
for extension workers.
Full Paper
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An Integrated Decision Support System for Management
of Winter Wheat
Olesen, J.E., L.
Pedersen, S. Christensen,
B.J.M. Secher & J.
Petersen
Abstract: A decision support system for crop management of winter
wheat has been designed using CommonKADS and an object-oriented design
methodology. The system contains a plan for the field management operations.
The consequen ces (economic and environmental indicators) of a plan is estimated
using a simulation model. The model will be run using different sets of weather
conditions to estimate the variability about the mean of the various indicators.
The indicator values for a range of model runs are used to optimise dose
of specific input factors (nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides) and to rank
different plans for selection by the
user.
Full Paper
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A Preliminary Study for Constructing a Computational
Procedure for Nematodes Identification Based on Morphological
Aspects
Palhares de Melo, L.A.M. &
R.C. Bastos
Abstract: Nematodes are vermiform animals of long and thin body
and slender at the two extremities. They have great economic importance because
many are plant parasitic and very difficult to erradicate once established
in the soil. A prerequisite to combating their agricultural impact is correct
identification of species. We present a preliminary study for constructing
a computational procedure for nematode identification (in terms of taxonomic
classification) based on morphological aspects of various organs (stylet,
ovary, tail, esophagus, etc). The procedure is an artificial intelligent
application involving concepts of computer vision and pattern recognition
(an automated system that visually recognizes nematode's
structures).
Full Paper
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Improving the Uptake of Decision Support Systems
in Agriculture
Parker, C.G. &
S. Campion
Abstract: In recent years there has been an increasing interest
in the potential of decision support tools for crop production. Attempts
to provide such tools in the past 10 years have met with limited success.
There are many inherently useful, scientifically valid, model-based tools
currently gathering dust due to a lack of farmer interest. This paper discusses
reasons for failure and explores the possibility that the adoption of a user
centred design approach would overcome previously observed problems. A simple
method for incorporating user requirements into this type of software, within
the scope of the average research budget, is
proposed
Full Paper
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An IMIS-DSS for Vegetable Production in Plastic-Covered
Greenhouses
Passam, H.C., A.B.
Sideridis & C.P.
Yialouris
Abstract: This paper presents an IMIS-DSS for the cultivation of
vegetable crops in low tech greenhouses. It comprises: (1) a Diagnostic Expert
System (DES) for the identification of the principal pests, diseases and
nutritional disorders of six common vegetable crops (aubergine, bean, cucumber,
lettuce, pepper and tomato) and provides guidance for their control, (2)
a Control Expert System (CES) for the irrigation, fertilisation and aeration
of one of these crops (tomato) based on its known physiological requirements
and local climatic conditions, (3) an information presentation package to
provide decision support for the grower in respect of cultivation practices
such as soil sterilisation, plant propagation, planting dates, harvest etc.,
and (4) a market presentation module, incorporating the quality requirements
of the European Union, to provide decision support for the packaging and
market presentation of produce. In its present form the CES assists the grower
to make critical decisions for the cultivation of his crops, while the DES
aids the diagnosis and treatment of pests, diseases and disorders. Produce
quality is thus improved and economy in fertiliser and water usage
achieved.
Full Paper
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The Danish Integrated Farm Management
System
Pedersen, H.H., E.
Maegaard & N.
Block
Abstract: The Integrated Farm Management System is a PC-based system
for economic and production management of farms. The system is integrated
in the sense that the management tools for all relevant production branches
are combined into one system with a common database and a common user interface.
The development and marketing of the system are carried out by the Danish
agricultural advisory service. The system is used by approximately 6,000
Danish farmers. The major part of the advisers in Denmark also use the system
and this means that it is used for management on most Danish
farms.
http://www.lr.dk
Full Paper
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Colour and Shape Analysis Techniques for Weed Detection
in Cereal Fields
Pérez, A.J.,
F. López, J.V.
Benlloch-Dualde & S.
Christensen
Abstract: Information on weed distribution within the field is necessary
to implement spatially variable herbicide application. This paper deals with
the development of near-ground image capture and processing techniques in
order to detect broad leaf weeds in cereal crops, under actual field conditions.
The proposed methods use both colour and shape analysis techniques for
discriminating crop, weeds and soil. The performance of algorithms was assessed
by comparing the results with a human classification, providing a good success
rate. The study shows the potential of using image processing techniques
to generate weed
maps.
http://www.miron.upv.es
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A Comprehensive Sow Model for Aid
Decision
Plà, L.M., J.
Pomar & J.L.
Noguera
Abstract: Abstract: This paper presents an intuitive simulation
model, based on a stochastic dynamic model using object oriented programming.
The model aim is to represent sow production throught reproduction and
replacement management. The approach is applied to simulate herd dynamics
induced by that model. An alternative dynamic model implementation has been
developed for calculating the impact of different management strategies on
future sow performance. The primary model could be aggregated in a complex
one and easily modified for representing farm
behaviour.
Full Paper
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The Entry, Description and Extraction of Data by
Accessing the ERA Database from the World Wide
Web
Potts, J.M., P.J.
Verrier & R.W.
Payne
Abstract: The Electronic Rothamsted Archive (ERA) is a well proven
method of storing disparate sets of data relating to agricultural experiments.
It has data browsing and extraction services and these have been offered
over the World Wide Web. This paper describes the incorporation of a data
dictionary into ERA and an extension to the web services offered by ERA to
enable comprehensive browsing of the available data, including the precise
data dictionary definitions of the fields. The use of a standard data dictionary
will facilitate the transfer of data between collaborating workers in different
organisations.
http://www.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/era
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Sample Testing And Reporting System
STARS
Pullen, G.
Abstract: Computerisation offers obvious benefits to laboratories
involved in sample testing and reporting in terms of work flow efficiency
and enhanced speed and accuracy of results reporting to the customer. The
paper describes how such a system, known as STARS, was developed at NIAB
to improve the workflow between departments involved in the testing of seed
and other plant materials, and have the flexibility to enable users to rapidly
define and implement new tests and
reports.
Full Paper
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Modeling of Lysimeter Data Using the Simulation
Model CANDY to Interpret Water and Nitrogen
Flow
Ramsbeck, M., U.
Franko & U.
Steinhardt
Abstract: Information systems are a useful instrument to reexecute
soil processes for planning agricultural steps. Modeling and simulation of
water and matter flows supply valuable information about nitrogen losses
of various soils under different management conditions. Thus a great number
of such models is able to assess risks for the environment. Field experiments
represent an important method to verify such simulation results. CANDY (Carbon
and Nitrogen Dynamics) is a one-dimensional transport model that uses weather
data on daily basis, soil and management informations as input for simulation.
Comparison of simulated results with measurement data of the Lysimeter station
Brandis/Germany will give information about transferring the model CANDY
into particular regions and about problems of adapting the model
parameters.
Full Paper
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European Union Telematic Applications Research
Activities with Relevance to Agricultural and Rural
Development
Reily, V.
Abstract: The Commission of the European Communities has been active
in developing the use of computing and telecommunications in scientific
information processing in agriculture for almost thirty years. Initially
it concentrated its efforts on the introduction of these technologies to
assist the dissemination of scientific information. Since the early eighties
it has extended its support from farming to agriculture in its broadest sense.
Projects have been funded in software development to support most aspects
of farming, research and extension. It seems probable that this shall continue
in the fifth Framework Programme. Some possible areas of application are
indicated and the conditions for participation are
discussed.
Full Paper
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Standardization of Data Models for Crop Variety
Trials
Rijgersberg, H. &
J.L. Top
Abstract: A crop variety trial typically yields a large number of
data. A datamodel is needed to describe the structure of these data and to
explain the meaning of the data. Without using an explicit datamodel it is
impossible to interpret the data correctly. In addition, a datamodel offers
the opportunity for discussion about the experimental methods and goals.
A datamodel is described in terms of a formal language. This paper describes
two alternative languages and their mutual relation. SFD is a proposed standard
format for describing experimental data in agricultural research. On the
other hand EXPRESS is an information modelling language that is part of the
ISO standard STEP. We compare SFD with EXPRESS and show that SFD can indeed
be translated to EXPRESS descriptions. In addition we describe the construction
of new, application specific layers on top of the standard data model language.
Such a new layer consists of carefully chosen data model templates. By using
data model templates the freedom of the datamodel designer is kept, yet data
exchange and interpretation can be further
supported.
Full Paper
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The Farm Management and Decision Support System
in Estonia
Rütel,
A.
Abstract: The Farm management and decision support system named
TALUTARK was established by Estonian Farmers' Central Union and is developing
with assistance the ad hoc working groups from Estonian Agricultural University.
The main goal of system is farm level data acquisition and processing together
with knowledge basis of agricultural science and market information. This
principle with well structured output and user friendly interface allows
to prepare a new, more wide and rational 'thinking-framework' for recognizing
and solving farmers' problems not only by information and formal knowledge
but also by high-level intuition. The TALUTARK has a modular, integrated
by common databases,
structure.
http://www.agronet.ee
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Data Transmission in AGIS, the Swiss Federal Information
System for Agricultural Policy
Management
Sandoz, A.
Abstract: The IT section of the Swiss Federal Bureau of Agriculture
is building an information system to manage policy measures and provide decision
support to its staff. A precise representation of each production unit is
necessary, which is fully updated every year with new data. The paper presents
the problem of transmitting data to the system in a dynamic, heterogeneous,
distributed environment. This is an application-to-application communication,
at level 7 of the basic ISO Open Systems Interconnection model, between many
different sources and a central
database.
Full Paper
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Usability Test of Farm Management
Software
Sepstrup, J. &
M.
Jørgensen
Abstract: Testing farm management-software with a low-budget usability
lab is part of the development of a new Farm Management System at The Danish
Agricultural Advisory Centre. Farmers and local advisors are invited to test
the usability early in the process of developing the new
system.
Full Paper
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Situations and Problems of Information Technology
in Japanese Agriculture
Shio, K.
Abstract: We have several New-media such as Off-talk Communication,
FAX Communication System, CATV, Personal Computer Communication, Captain,
Satellite Communication System, Television Telephone System and Internet
now for agricultural information. This paper explains about the situations
of usage of these New-media in Japan with some examples and mentions some
problems when we apply these information technology to rural
area.
http://www.ibaraki.ac.jp
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Constructing a Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation
System Around the dynamic Nitrogen turnover Model,
SUNDIAL
Smith, J.U., A.G.
Dailey, M.J Glendining,
N.J Bradbury, Tom
M. Addiscott, J.U. Smith &
P. Taylor
Abstract: An effective fertilizer recommendation system requires
information on seasonal variations in soil mineral nitrogen and nutrient
requirements of the crop. This can be provided by the dynamic model, SUNDIAL
(Bradbury, et al, 1993; Smith, et al., 1996). Work presented here formalises
farmers' requirements into a system prototype. Inputs should be entered both
by menu and tabular format, have user-selected units, be supported by
context-sensitive help, and be compatible with commonly used farm recording
packages. Recommendations should be provided both for the field and across
the whole farm. Turnover processes should be illustrated
graphically.
http://yacorba.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/depts/soils/sundial
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Using a Data Catalog in a Regional Information Network
in Agriculture
Spilke, J. & B.
Flemig
Abstract: The integration of all regional agricultural information
sources leads to a very complex information web. Such a web requires a metadata
base for administration and navigation. An approach for regional uses (RDC,
Regional Data Catalog) is described (structure, organizational and technical
principles).
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Estimation of Farmers' Management Needs: Toward
Multi-Function Software
Steffe, J.
Abstract: This paper describes the state of the art of the French
agricultural software market showing that the multitude of programmes available
do not meet the demand of end-users. Thereafter, it reports a study carried
out at the ENITA de Bordeaux which implicates deeply the end-user in the
setting-up of a new tool and the aim of which is to produce an integrated
product which better meets the demand.
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ESS-EIS Prototype for a Middle-Class Structured
Branch; The Agricultural Commodity
Business
Suhren, V., R.
Helbig & G.W.
Schiefer
Abstract: This paper discusses an approach to design an Executive
Support and Information System (ESS-EIS) as a branch solution for the middle
class structured German agricultural commodity business. The state of the
project is shown and the way how to get an empirical accepted prototype and
the prototype itself are explained.
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Data Warehouse - A New Tool in Extension Service
to Swedish
Milkproducers
Swensson, C. &
B. Sederblad
Abstract: A Data warehouse is one or several databases which contain
the information that is needed for tactical or strategic decisions. It is
also possible that it contains data which are needed for administration.
The databases should be developed for PC environment. In Sweden an example
is a Data Warehouse developed to get a more effecient extension service to
dairy farmers.
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Experiences from Benchmarking in Swedish
Milkproduction
Swensson, C., C.
Påhlstorp, P. Sandgren,
B. Sederblad & A.
Herlin
Abstract: The economic pressure in Swedish milkproduction has increased
during the last years. To be more effecient in the extension work towards
the farmers a new benchmarking concept has been developed. The software utilises
both information from the book accounting and the official Swedish milkrecording.
A survey have been made from farmers partipicating the course during the
winterseason 1995/96. The preliminary results shows a big variation in net
profit per kg milk among the dairy farmers. There were significant negative
correlations between net profit and the cost of labour and the cost of
capital.
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A Method to Quantify Effects Attributable to Management
Information Systems in Livestock
Farming
Tomaszewski, M.A.,
A.A. Dijkhuizen, A.G.
Hengeveld & H.
Wilmink
Abstract: Although central calculation and maintenance of pig and
dairy management data bases have occurred for close to 50 years in the
Netherlands and US, the movement is toward on-farm calculation and maintenance
of databases. These systems provide real time access to the farm data base
thereby increasing the potential value, both managerially and economically,
in making decisions. Data from pig and dairy farms were obtained from their
respective central processing systems and evaluated using PROC GLM in SAS.
In both cases, significant effects were found attributed to the use of MIS
in these herds. Economic evaluation show returns to investment of 220% to
348% for pigs and 52% to 205 % for dairy.
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The French Feed Database: A National Network for
Collecting and Disseminating Data About Feedstuff Composition and Nutritive
Value
Tran, G. & O.
Lapierre
Abstract: The French Feed Database collects, stores and disseminates
data about the chemical composition and nutritive value of the raw materials
used in animal feeding. It operates as the hub of a network of 20 organisations
- research institutes, trade organisations, raw material producers and feed
compounders -, who provide most of the data, half of the financial support,
and are also the principal users of the Database. Data are disseminated on
request or through a stand-alone computerised feed composition table. The
French Feed Database participates in national and international programmes
about feed
quality.
http://www.inapg.inra.fr/dsa/iobdaa/iobdaa.htm
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Interpolation and Interpretation for Field Scale
Decision Making
Turner, S.T.D.,
R.B. James & S.G.
Anthony
Abstract: Yield mapping combine harvesters are capable of the continuous
mapping of cereal yields. Explanations for the observed variability are
frequently based upon the interpolation of soil data from a limited number
of point samples. The point soil data and yield surface are integrated using
the algorithms provided within mapping software and geographical information
systems (GIS) that are increasingly available to the non-specialist in spatial
analyses. The surfaces and correlations produced are particularly sensitive
to the choice and parameterisation of the algorithms, much of which is done
within a 'black-box' environment. Furthermore, it is rarely established that
spatial auto-correlation exists at the scale of sampling. Hence, interpolation
may not always be valid. This can have a significant impact on the interpretation
of the data and the process of field scale decision making. This paper discusses
the consequences of using different interpolation algorithms and methods
of visualisation, using examples from agricultural field consultancy within
the United Kingdom. The authors conclude that a number of treatment classes
should be defined for a few zones, rather than attempting to continuously
vary application rates in response to an inaccurate model of the soil nutrient
surface.
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The Decision Support System KMETIJA - A Tool to
Help Farmers at Production- Economic
Decision-Making
Udovc, A.
Abstract: The paper presents the decision support system KMETIJA
(Farm) which is intended to be used by farmers, extension workers, decision
makers and other subjects active in agriculture and rural areas. KMETIJA
consists of three parts: data banks, simulation core and financial calculations.
The simulation core consists of two submodels which are used to simulate
farm's plant and animal production. The results of the simulation are further
used for financial calculations and for elaborating a production plan which
includs labour force and agricultural machinery balance. In the financial
calculations liquidity, profit and investments decisions are
calculated.
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The Potential of Applying Decision Support Systems
to Improve Agrotechnology Transfer in the Rainfed Areas of the Loess Plateau
in China
Wang, P., G.
Hoogenboom & D.
Qu
Abstract: Three soils in the Loess Plateau were selected to explore
the potential of applying the decision support system for agrotechnology
transfer (DSSAT) crop models in the areas and to test the CERES-Wheat model
under DSSAT shell. The predicted maturity dates and grain yields were similar
to the actual measured values. The manural loessial soil had the highest
productivity. The loessial soil had the lowest productivity. Predicted yields
for different terrains of the loessial soil showed that the soil in the plain
lands and the table lands had a higher productivity than that of the slope
lands and the terraces.
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Deriving Chrysanthemum Leaf Shape Descriptions for
Variety Testing from Digital
Images
Warren, D.
Abstract: This paper describes work being carried out at the National
Institute of Agricultural Botany to develop a machine vision system that
assesses the shape of chrysanthemum leaves as part of the testing procedure
applied to new chrysanthemum varieties before they are granted protection
under the UK's Plant Breeder's Rights Scheme. After outlining the testing
procedure and the characters used to describe the leaf shape the paper
illustrates the methods used to classify shape and concludes with a comparison
of the results obtained by the machine with more conventional
assessments.
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Monitoring Food Production with GIS via the
Internet
Widbom, T. & M.
Lindholm
Abstract: The management and monitoring of agricultural and
environmental resources and the origin of foods are of increasing importance
today. GIS have proved to be important tools in solving problems encountered.
Advances in the capabilities of the Web language have enabled information
providers to include animation and interactive elements in their web sites.
These developments have expanded the potential of the GIS world. The Internet
Map Server provides a framework for requests and for delivering information
to Web browsers from a GIS application on their WWW server. The result is
ready access to maps and information anywhere on the
Internet.
http://www.mtt.fi
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Aspects of Modelling Information Flows within an
EIS for the
Food-Industry
Witschnig,
J.
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the modelling
of information flow inside an EIS. First it will be explained what an EIS
is and which importance information flow has in an EIS. Then, compar-ing
with other information systems, the differences will be investigated to those
systems and their information flow. Finally the proceeding of practical modelling
that leads to an adequate information flow model will be shown. Aspects of
this proceeding are the analysis of informa-tion needs and database analysis.
An additional aspect is the evaluation of mathematical methods for the
determination of the optimal distribu-tion of information. These methods
have the benefit to evaluate the in-formation distribution, to avoid the
arbitrary distribution of information and to adept the information to the
users various
needs.
http://www.edv.agrar.tu-muenchen.de/blm/bwl/personen/wi.htm
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Dynamic Product Flow Model for a Mixed Ecological
Farm
Wolfert, J., E.A.
Goewie & A.J.M.
Beulens
Abstract: This paper discusses a project, introducing a dynamic
product flow model for optimizing mixed ecological farms. Mixed ecological
farms focus upon closing cycles and management is based on control of ecological
processes. The aim is to provide a tool for farmers to tune their farm to
its specific ecological, economical and social environment. The production
process is modeled in terms of cyclic product flows. The process informatics
(PI) connects the process level with the management level and provides an
interface for supervisory control, quality assurance and process optimization.
The model specifies and supports the development of an effective decision
behavior.
http://www.spb.wau.nl/info/people/Sjaak_Wolfert/project.html
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An Economic Threshold Model for Controlling
Tick-Induced; Disease and Productivity Losses in
Cattle
Young, D.L. &
H.H. Haantuba
Abstract: Economic threshold infestations of ticks were computed
by equating the cost to the benefit of dipping. Both liveweight gain and
disease control benefits were considered and a probability-based disease
control benefit function was used. When only noninfectious ticks were present,
the economic threshold based on liveweight gain was three ticks per calf
using 1994 Zambian prices. For disease-infectious tick species, the threshold
recommended dipping whenever any ticks were present. If disease control benefits
are omitted, as in some past work, thresholds will be overstated and dipping
recommendations understated when infectious ticks are
present.
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